Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (2024)

Sika deerSika deer are a medium to large sized deer that stand at around 0.70 to 0.95m tall at the shoulder for males (stags) and 0.50 to 0.70m for females (hinds).Photo by: Paul BehanCHECK THE STATS

ABOUT SIKA DEER

Male sika deer are called stags, females hinds and the young calves.

When fully grown stags weigh between 40 to 70kg and hinds 30 to 45kgs. By comparison, an average adult man in Britain is 1.77m high and weighs 79kg.

Sika are similar to fallow deer in coat colour. They vary from pale yellow/brown through to red/brown with white spots in the summer months to dark grey and black in the winter. There is often a distinct dark coloured dorsal stripe running the length of the back.

Sika have a shorter tail than the fallow and its black stripe is less distinct. There are very noticeable white glands on the hind legs of the deer and they have a distinctive white rump.

The sika’s head is small in comparison to the rest of the body. Their antlers are widely spaced and the angle of the forward point from the main antler beam is about 45°. They have a maximum of 8 points on their antlers. Hinds do not have antlers.

The tracks of a sika are similar to those of a red deer but they are slightly smaller in length (about 7cm) and narrower.

0.95m

HEIGHT AT SHOULDER

18 yrs

AVERAGE LIFESPAN

Sika deer tend to forage in patchy clearings of forests, often causing significant damage.

History, distribution & habitat

Sika deer in the UK were introduced from the Far East into Britain in 1860. While animals from a number of sources were introduced into enclosed parks the only free-living form in Britain is considered to be the Japanese sika. It is possible that almost all (if not all) living English, Scottish and some Irish sika are descendants from only one stag and three hinds introduced to Viscount Powerscourt’s deer park at Enniskerry, Eire in 1860.

The preferred habitat is coniferous woodlands and heaths on acid soils. The distribution of sika deer in Scotland is widespread and expanding from west to east with a strong population in Peebles-shire. They are patchy in England (bands exist across the north and south) and Northern Ireland (in County Fermanagh and County Tyrone).

Sika graze on grasses and dwarf shrubs, especially heather, although coniferous tree shoots and tree bark may occasionally be taken in small quantities. Browsing of tree shoots and agricultural crops and bark stripping and bole scoring (gouging with the antlers) of plantation trees puts sika in conflict with farmers and foresters due to economic damage. Conversely, many country and forest estates can gain substantial revenue from recreational stalking and/or venison production. Whether in conflict or used as a resource, sika populations require careful management to maintain health and quality and ensure a sustainable balance with their environment.

SIKA DEER UK DISTRIBUTION

Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (1)

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Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (2)

Males spend most years alone occasionally forming herds together

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Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (3)

Sika males are called stags, females hinds and young calfs.

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Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (4)

Sika deer were introduced from the Far East into Britain in 1860

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Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (5)

Sika deer have heart shaped white markings with black upper border on the rump with a white tail.

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Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (6)

Previously found from northern Vietnam in the south to the Russian Far East in the north, sika are now uncommon except in Japan.

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Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (7)

Its name comes from shika, the Japanese word for "deer". In Japan, the species is known as the nihonjika.

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Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (8)

Sika deer are found throughout the city of Nara and its many parks and temples like Tōdai-ji, as they are considered to be the messengers of the Shinto gods.

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Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (9)

In the 1900s, King Edward VII presented a pair of sika deer to John, the second Baron Montagu of Beaulieu. This pair escaped into Sowley Wood and were the basis of the sika to be found in the New Forest today.

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Breeding, behaviour & lifecycle

The breeding season, or rut, occurs from the end of September to November. The environment has a strong influence on mating strategy. Typically stags defend a rutting territory, much like fallow deer, and they may also switch to harem-holding when a group of hinds has been assembled. Less typically, males may congregate to form a lek or may simply wander throughout the hinds’ range in search for receptive hinds.

A single calf is born during early May to late June after a gestation period of 7 ½ months. They can live, exceptionally, up to 18 years.

Sika deer live in single sex groups for most of the year, only coming together during the breeding season and in winter when times are harder.

Sika Red Deer Hybrids

Sika are becoming regarded as a problem in areas of conflict since the damage that they cause is seriousand the rate of hybridisation with red deer can be alarming.

Hybridisation appears to be most pronounced at the edges of population ranges where both species meet. The first cross between the species has the appearance of both parents, but subsequent crosses result in the hybrid having the dominant parental appearance. This makes selective culling impossible, potentially reduces income from sport shooting and poses a major threat to the genetic integrity of native red deer. Indeed, some suggest that there are no pure bred red deer surviving in mainland Britain and only sika in the New Forest and Peebles-shire remain pure.

Vocalisation and activity

Sika are renowned for their repertoire of calls. From groaning stags to clacking noises, whistles and screams, they have a huge variety of vocalisations used in many different situations. Both sexes bark when alarmed.

Sika are active throughout the 24-hour period but are more active during the hours of darkness in populations experiencing frequent disturbance.

Sika Deer Images

Downloads
  • Download Species Leaflet
  • Download deer distribution poster

Resources
  • Antler Cycles - Casting, growth and cleaning
  • Abandoned Young - What to do if you find a young deer
  • Watching Deer - Top tips and advice
  • Rutting Deer - How to stay safe
  • BDS Deer App - Send us your deer sightings
Sika Deer - The British Deer Society (2024)

FAQs

What is the sika deer myth? ›

Takagi comments, “Legend has it that the sika deer in Nara Park had long been strictly protected as messengers of the gods. Today, these deer are one of the most popular tourist attractions in Japan. However, there has been little genetic research on the origin of these deer.

What is the significance of sika deer? ›

The sika deer, Cervus nippon, are considered sacred in Shintoism. Their spiritual status dates back nearly 1,400 years, to when Kasuga Taisha Shrine was built in what would later become Nara Park.

Can you have a sika deer as a pet? ›

In a new study, Dutch scientists analyzed 90 mammal species for pet “suitability” and came up with five animals for which PetSmart probably hasn't yet stocked supplies. Those animals, starting with the best suitable, are: Sika deer, Agile wallaby, Tamar Wallaby, llama and Asian palm civet.

How did sika deer get to England? ›

Sika deer are native to eastern Asia but were introduced to deer parks in the UK in 1860. They are now found in scattered populations across the UK, with the greatest numbers in Scotland.

Are sika deer aggressive? ›

Ecological Threat. Sika deer are aggressive foragers that are known to cause significant damage to vegetation in natural and commercial areas. Farmers often suffer losses of crops and surrounding woodland areas.

What is the spiritual meaning of sika deer? ›

Archaeological finds reveal that 5,000 years ago, ancient Chinese in Shanghai regarded the sika deer as the symbol of power, wealth and dignity.

Are there sika deer in America? ›

Sika deer originate mostly from Japan, Taiwan, and East Asia. In the United States, sika deer have been introduced in various locations, including Texas, Virginia, and Maryland's Eastern Shore. They were introduced to Maryland in the early 1900s when Clement Henry released 5 or 6 deer on James Island.

Why do sika deer whistle? ›

Both male and female sika deer use vocalizations to communicate. The "bark" they emit when alarmed is most distinct. Hinds often communicate with their calves using soft bleats and whistles. By mastering some sika vocalizations, hunters can increase their chances of bagging a stag during the rut.

What is the lifespan of a sika deer? ›

On average, sika deer live 15 to 18 years in the wild. However, some have been known to live up to 25 years in captivity.

What are some interesting facts about sika deer? ›

Fun Facts for Kids
  • Sika deer antlers are made of bone, and they fall off every year and regrow. ...
  • The Sika deer makes a wide range of vocal sounds. ...
  • Sika deer can jump up to 1.7 m (5.6 feet) in height.
  • Sika deer's eyes are on the sides of their head, allowing them to see further than we can to each side.

Is sika deer tasty? ›

They are, frankly, the best eating venison we've ever had- whitetail venison just doesn't hold a candle to a sika deer. The meat is just a little darker red, with an incredible woodsy flavor that is almost porcini-like in aroma.

What is another name for a sika deer? ›

Its name comes from shika (鹿), the Japanese word for "deer". In Japan, the species is known as the nihonjika (ニホンジカ (日本鹿), "Japan deer"). In Chinese, it is known as 梅花鹿; méihuā​lù; 'plum blossom deer' due to the spots resembling plum blossoms.

What is the disease in sika deer? ›

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease that affects deer, elk, reindeer, sika deer, and moose in some areas of North America, including Canada and the United States, Norway and South Korea.

Are sika deer hard to hunt? ›

Sika are Difficult to Pattern

While a whitetail might show up to the corn pile with relative certainty, a sika isn't going to make the 5 p.m. reservation every day. A silver lining is that they can be called in. “They're extremely curious animals,” Phillips says.

Where is the best place to hunt sika deer? ›

Sika deer originated in East Asia, but now the only country within its historic range where you can legally hunt it is Russia. For a true wild sika deer hunt, visit Primorski Krai on the Pacific Coast; in other areas of the country the offers for sika hunting imply introduced animals on game farms.

What is the myth behind the killing of a sacred deer? ›

The Killing of a Sacred Deer harkens back to Iphigenia in Aulis, where King Agamemnon accidentally kills a beloved deer in the sacred grove of Artemis. The offended goddess commands Agamemnon to then sacrifice his own daughter, Iphigenia, in order for his plans to bear fruit.

What is the native deer myth? ›

In Native American mythology there is the Chickasaw legend, Ghost of the White Deer. There is also a Lenape legend about white deer that predicts that when a pair of all-white deer is seen together, it is a sign that the indigenous peoples of the Dawnland will all come together and lead the world with their wisdom.

What is the legendary deer myth? ›

Irish mythology tells of Finn mac Cumhail. Finn was the leader of Ireland's heroic band of warriors known as the Fianna. He cornered a beautiful deer, which his hounds then refused to dispatch. They took her back to Finn's land and she regained her true form as the beautiful Sadhbh.

What is the Norse deer myth? ›

In Norse mythology, four stags or harts (male red deer) eat among the branches of the world tree Yggdrasill. According to the Poetic Edda, the stags crane their necks upward to chomp at the branches. The morning dew gathers in their horns and forms the rivers of the world.

References

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